The COVID-19 pandemic has notably increased the use of distance education, particularly in Türkiye's higher education English courses. Even after the normalisation process, compulsory English courses in Türkiye, the learners of which receive education in English for general purposes, are still being taught via distance education. Such a practice…

Emotions play a crucial role in second and foreign language learning as extensive research in second language acquisition (SLA) has documented the influence of both positive and negative emotions on second and foreign language (L2) learners' motivation, performance, and L2 attainment. Although language anxiety and enjoyment have garnered…

This article examines the determinants of Syrian refugee students' language comprehension difficulties in Lebanon, Türkiye and Australia, three host countries offering refugees different types of legal status (short-term, medium-term and long-term legal settlement). To understand the influence of legal status and its corresponding educational…

This study aimed to (a) explore the perceived levels of English language self-efficacy, enjoyment, and anxiety among EFL learners and (b) test a hypothesized model investigating their interrelations and potential predictive effects on English Language Achievement (ELA). Using a quantitative, non-experimental correlational design, data were…

Vocabulary is regarded as an important part of communicative language ability and a significant predictor of second language proficiency. The relation between vocabulary knowledge and communicative language ability has important implications for L2 students, foreign language teachers and educational systems. Thus, many studies have been conducted…

The pervasive influence of technology crosses borders, reshaping personal, professional, and social realms globally, with education notably transformed in schools and communities. This study aims to uncover language learning strategies among digital natives in the Turkish EFL context through a quantitative research design. The study revealed that…

Peer feedback via CMC modalities has become an alternative to conventional in-class peer feedback due to the rapid rise of educational technology and the widespread use of computer-mediated communication in L2 education. Despite the fact that much research has been published on the benefits of CMC tools for enhancing L2 proficiency, the number of…

This article comprises two international studies. Study 1 aimed to develop a scale to measure the frequency of learners' voluntary, informal, out-of-school engagement with English, so-called Extramural English (EE) activities. It involved three stages -- pilot study, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis -- followed by…

English, as a lingua franca, is the common language of science, education, industry, business, and many other fields, and has become a prominent research interest. In Türkiye, English is taught as a foreign language, including K12 and tertiary levels to prepare individuals for international work life. However, the English First English Proficiency…

To be able to assess interactional competence (IC), which believed to be shared knowledge rather than an individual skill, talk in paired speaking tests can be analyzed. Accordingly, this study investigates how L2 speakers of English collaboratively construct turns in paired speaking tests mainly through embodied word search sequences and their…

Since the original and adapted versions of the scales that aim to measure foreign language enjoyment may not be appropriate for learners with low English proficiency levels, it seems necessary to develop scales in their native languages. This study aims to create a valid and reliable scale of foreign language learning enjoyment that can be applied…

One of the most essential competencies for teachers of English as a foreign language in Türkiye is the ability to implement curricula with complete comprehension in their classes, as Türkiye has mandated centralized curricula in schools. In other words, it is the teacher's responsibility to comprehend the curricula properly; otherwise, what is…

Learning English as a foreign language is a complex and challenging endeavour for many students worldwide, requiring the acquisition of multiple language skills. Moreover, success in language learning is determined by several factors, including the learners' learning motivations and perceptions of their competence. The purpose of this research is…

Background: Gender stereotyping of academic domains has long been a major issue in education. However, previous research has mainly focused on male-dominated fields and women's disadvantage in such fields. Little attention has been paid to the fields of study, such as foreign language learning, which are typically stereotyped as female domains.…

This research study aimed to explore the speaking anxiety of Turkish learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) and its relation to EFL speaking self-efficacy, fear of negative evaluation (FNE), self-perceived English speaking proficiency, and gender. 293 (132 females, 161 males) university-level EFL students completed the EFL speaking…