The aim of the present study is to develop a valid and reliable scale evaluating the effectiveness of language preparatory programs in the acquisition of language skills. In the development of Foreign Language Skills Scale (FLSS) in this study, research sample consisted of 326 preparatory school students for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA)…

Although some education institutions have implemented open or online education in line with their own needs so far, distance education did not have national recognition until the pandemic that swept the world at the beginning of 2020. After this date, many institutions underwent transformation from conventional face-to-face education to distance…

This pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study was grounded in a mixed method embedded design to delve into the quality and efficiency of flipped classroom model in enhancing university prep students' overall academic performance in EFL and that in its sub-skills in addition to the durability of that performance. The study has also pioneered to…