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Download full textStephanie Grote-Garcia; Bethanie Pletcher; Jo’Ann Ruiz; Bascolyne Day – Texas Journal of Literacy Education, 2025
The Texas State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC) has implemented new certification requirements, significantly affecting the path for aspiring Pre-K through 8th-grade educators. As of 2022, candidates must pass three exams: the pedagogy and professional responsibility (PPR) exam, a Core Subjects exam, and the newly mandated Science of…
Descriptors: Teacher Certification, Preservice Teacher Education, Tests, Reading Instruction
Direct linkAnthony, Jason L.; Solari, Emily J.; Williams, Jeffrey M.; Schoger, Kimberly D.; Zhang, Zhou; Branum-Martin, Lee; Francis, David J. – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2009
Theories concerning the development of phonological awareness place special emphasis on lexical and orthographic knowledge. Given the large degree of variability in preschool classrooms that house Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELL), this study controlled for classroom effects by removing classroom means and covariances based on 158…
Descriptors: Phonology, Vocabulary Development, Prior Learning, Phonological Awareness
