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Rojas, Raul; Iglesias, Aquiles – Child Development, 2013
Although the research literature regarding language growth trajectories is burgeoning, the shape and direction of English Language Learners' (ELLs) language growth trajectories are largely not known. This study used growth curve modeling to determine the shape of ELLs' language growth trajectories across 12,248 oral narrative language samples…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Spanish Speaking, Second Language Learning, Oral Language
Hughes, Jan N.; Chen, Qi; Thoemmes, Felix; Kwok, Oi-man – Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2010
The association between grade retention in first grade and passing the third grade state accountability tests, the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) reading and math, was investigated in a sample of 769 students who were recruited into the study when they were in first grade. Of these 769 students, 165 were retained in first grade…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Mathematics Tests, High Stakes Tests, Grade 3

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