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Download full textKadamus, James A. – 2001
This field memo is the third in a series of updates from the Deputy Commissioner of the Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education to all teachers and administrators of public and nonpublic schools on standards and assessments in New York. This document explains how the New York State Education Department determines if test…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Educational Testing, Elementary Secondary Education, Reliability
DeMauro, Gerald E. – 2001
The consequences of large state testing are often uniformity of expectations for achievement. The largest impact of higher standards, then, are realized by traditionally disenfranchised student populations, particularly the least affluent who are most likely to bear the yoke of low expectation. This paper advances S. Messick's (1981) fundamental…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Achievement Tests, Disadvantaged Youth, Elementary Secondary Education
