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Download full textMarchant, Gregory J.; Johnson, Jessica J. – Online Submission, 2012
This paper explores the PISA [Programme for International Student Assessment] achievement of twenty countries in light of some of their demographic differences. SES [student socioeconomic status], nuclear family, gender, home language, and native status were predictive of achievement for every country. Demographics accounted for as little as 8…
Descriptors: Demography, International Assessment, Comparative Education, Foreign Countries
Peer reviewed
Direct linkLindgren, Eva; Munoz, Carmen – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2013
The project Early Language Learning in Europe (ELLiE) has studied the longitudinal effects of an early foreign language (FL) start in seven European contexts. This article presents a sub-study of ELLiE that investigates the impact of out-of-school factors on learners' listening and reading skills in year four of formal FL instruction. More…
Descriptors: Reading Tests, Reading Skills, Longitudinal Studies, Interaction
