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Peer reviewedZajonc, R. B.; And Others – American Sociological Review, 1991
Responds to "Birth Order and Intelligence: Further Tests of the Confluence Model" by Robert D. Retherford and William H. Sewell. Reviews their arguments and suggests that their analyses of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study data support rather than contradict the model. (CJS)
Descriptors: Birth Order, Intelligence Differences, Longitudinal Studies, Mathematical Models
Peer reviewedRetherford, Robert D.; Sewell, William H. – American Sociological Review, 1991
Confluence theory was developed to explain the negative effects of birth order on intelligence. Using aggregate, between-family, within-family, and paired-sibling data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, tests the mathematical form of confluence theory and finds no support for it. Suggests that statistical methods used to fit the model to the…
Descriptors: Birth Order, Goodness of Fit, Intelligence Differences, Intelligence Quotient
Peer reviewedHartog, Joop – Economics of Education Review, 2000
Drawing on empirical studies from five countries (Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom, and United States), over 2 decades, outlines irregularities in the incidence of over- and under-education and consequences for individual earnings. The overall incidence of overeducation in the labor market is about 26 percent. (Contains 33 references.)…
Descriptors: Comparative Education, Education Work Relationship, Educational Attainment, Elementary Secondary Education
