This document describes the background, methodology, and results of the Massachusetts educational assessment program for social studies and citizenship skills. The program, which was conducted during 1975-76, sampled knowledge and attitudes of 9- and 17-year-olds throughout the state on specific educational objectives. Criterion-referenced tests and personal interviews were used. Additional descriptive data about students' socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were obtained. A section entitled "Summary of Findings" presents narrative and data tables about the items used to assess specific social studies objectives at both age levels. It also describes the association between students' skills in social studies/citizenship and students' background features, activities, self-esteem, and cynicism. "Analysis of Individual Objectives" describes specific exercises used to measure students' performance on each objective, compares findings to national and regional norms, and discusses results. Ten social studies objectives and eight citizenship objectives are analyzed. "Application of Findings" emphasizes that the results indicate trends which local communities must interpret in light of local needs and curriculum. The booklet concludes with item-by-item percentage data of student responses on every question for every objective at both age levels. (AV)