Discussed are aspects of sex-role development in Japanese adolescents and some related problems, such as self-concept and socialization processes. Various studies on Japanese adolescents have revealed substantial sex differences in self-esteem, which is significantly low in girls. In addition to differences in self-esteem, greater discrepancy…

Discussed are: (1) historical and cultural backgrounds of the Japanese style of child rearing; (2) differences of child rearing style between Japan and the United States; (3) the hidden curriculum at school and home. Content explores the recent controversy in Japan over "Amae," or the Japanese infant's craving for close contact with its…

In this paper, selected evidence on the effects of Japanese schools is presented. The author believes that Japan is one modern society where the schools have fostered individual and social development. The primary focus is on the effects for individuals in the area of cognitive skills, motivation, educational and occupational attainments, and…