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A Multifaceted Approach to Investigating Pre-Task Planning Effects on Paired Oral Test Performance
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Nitta, Ryo; Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo – Language Testing, 2014
Despite the growing popularity of paired format speaking assessments, the effects of pre-task planning time on performance in these formats are not yet well understood. For example, some studies have revealed the benefits of planning but others have not. Using a multifaceted approach including analysis of the process of speaking performance, the…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Decision Making
A Cross-Cultural Test of Uncertainty Reduction Theory; Comparisons of Acquaintances, Friends, and Dating Relationships in Japan, Korea, and the United States.
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Gudykunst, William B.; And Others – Human Communication Research, 1985
Tested a model of uncertainty reduction derived from Berger and Calabrese's theory of initial interaction. Concluded that the model appears to be a reasonable fit to the data on communication in interpersonal relationships among college students in Japan, Korea, and the U.S. (PD)
Descriptors: College Students, Communication Research, Cross Cultural Studies, Culture Fair Tests