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Kormi-Nouri, Reza; MacDonald, Shane; Farahani, Mohammad-Naghy; Trost, Kari; Shokri, Omid – International Journal of Higher Education, 2015
The present study investigates academic stress in two different cultures, the Iranian as a collectivist culture, and the Swedish as an individualist culture. A total of 616 university students (312 Iranian and 304 Swedish) participated in the study. The results show that Swedish students experience more academic stress than Iranian students.…
Descriptors: Cultural Differences, Collectivism, Individualism, Stress Variables
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Papi, Mostafa; Teimouri, Yasser – Language Learning, 2014
The study aimed to identify different second language (L2) learner motivational types drawing on the framework of the L2 motivational self system. A total of 1,278 secondary school students learning English in Iran completed a questionnaire survey. Cluster analysis yielded five different groups based on the strength of different variables within…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Motivation