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Bahari, Akbar; Zhang, Xue; Ardasheva, Yuliya – Interactive Learning Environments, 2023
The lack of comprehensive language proficiency assessment models recognizing the nonlinearity and dynamicity of individual differences, as well as the fundamental differences between paper- and computer-assisted language assessments (CALA) served as the rationale to conduct the present study. Drawing on dynamic systems theory, a Nonlinear Dynamic…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning

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