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Bita Aghaei Aghdam; Mahnaz Saeidi; Farahman Farrokhi – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Research has underscored the separate role of output to promote processing instruction (PI) effects in language learning. Yet, there is a need to scrutinize the interplay between structured output (SO) and unstructured output (USO) within PI to understand how innovative combinations may enhance ultimate educational attainment. The present…
Descriptors: Grammar, Teaching Methods, Language Processing, Second Language Learning