In the 21st century, the ability to engage in creative thinking is of paramount importance. This study aims to explore the students' creative thinking skills after engaging in learning using Problem-based Learning combined with Digital Mind Mapping [PBL-DMM]. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental method involving 120 Senior High…

Computational Thinking (CT) skills are increasingly recognized as essential for junior high school students, especially in addressing the demands of the digital era. This study explores how CT skills--decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking--manifest in learning statistics based on students' cognitive abilities. A…

This study investigates the relationship between mathematical literacy and cognitive flexibility in solving complex problems among Indonesian elementary school students aged 9-10 n = 78. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combined quantitative testing and qualitative interviews to provide a comprehensive understanding of this…

The standard of critical thinking in this study, namely: first, interpretation is on a problem can showing/ writing what they know and what is asked about the problem correctly; second, analysis is the activity of identifying the relationship between statements, questions and concepts in a problem through making mathematical models and accompanied…

This study aimed to examine an open-ended problem-solving assessment tool that can be used to measure the profile of students' mathematical creativity based on the type of mathematical creativity. The open-ended problem-solving assessment consists of open-ended problem-solving sheets and interview guidelines to measure the profile of students'…

The objectives of the research were to identify the difficulty level of various types of chemical representation for students and to examine the effects of two different models of teaching and learning chemistry (problem-solving based on multiple representations and problem-solving) on the students' cognitive achievement in chemical equilibrium.…

The definition of creativity among professional mathematicians and the definition of mathematical creativity in the classroom context are significantly different. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between students' mathematical creativity (i.e., cognitive flexibility) and figure apprehension when solving geometric…

The student's criterion for being diagnosed with MLD (Mathematics Learning Disabilities) can be classified as low arithmetic skills and poor working memory. The goal of this research is to understand students' process of thinking through the Polya stages when tackling arithmetic problems, as it has been expounded by Dr. Polya For students who have…

Similarity is a topic in Geometry which investigates similar elements of a plane. This topic has a high complexity that generates cognitive load in working memory. A deep understanding of the concept is needed to solve similarity problems. Based on cognitive load theory, learning by goal-free problems is suggested since it can minimize cognitive…

In classroom learning, students need mathematical cognitive flexibility to be able to solve mathematical problems with the various ideas they express. To solve the problems, they must be able to grasp the problem, see it from various points of view, and should not be rigid thinking with one solving method. In fact, the students still lack the…

Background: The worked example effect in cognitive load theory suggests that providing worked examples first followed by solving similar problems would facilitate students' learning. Using problem solving-worked example sequence is another way of implementing example-based instruction. Although research has demonstrated the superiority of worked…

The purpose of this study was to improve children's cognitive ability of Group A in ECE Yasmin Jember, which was focused on (1) the ability to recognize simple concepts in daily life; (2) the ability to observe and curiosity; (3) the ability to classify; (4) the ability to relate cause and effect. This study was conducted by using qualitative…

This research was conducted during one semester in four different classes that were taught biology by using four different teaching strategies: Problem-based learning (PBL), Jigsaw, PBL integrated with Jigsaw (PBLJigsaw), and direct teaching. This research explored the correlation between metacognition (metacognitive awareness and metacognitive…

This research aims to describe students' critical thinking ability based on the level academic and gender. The populations of this study were 132 students participating in five classes of Calculus course. The research data obtained through technical tests and interview techniques. This study found that the high level of capability, both male…

Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) is one of the important aspect of teaching and learning mathematics. By using HOTS, student will be able to acquire a deep understand of mathematical concepts and can be applied in real life. Students ability to develop the capacity of the HOTS is closely related with thinking processes while solving mathematics…