Internationally, the field of adult literacy is a site of struggle. On the one hand, most agree that literacy is a critical resource for negotiating one's social and economic life. On the other, public funding for adult literacy programmes is not generally guaranteed or adequate. However, for individuals and communities with limited literacy,…

In this era of globalisation, the present perception of lifelong learning (LLL) in the Indian policy domain has been going through major changes in an attempt to make it nationally realistic yet globally viable. In this process, all facets of the concept of LLL are constantly metamorphosing, and this in many ways outperforms the older perception…

After independence, adult education in India was burdened with modernization and industrialization, continued to reproduce some elitist tendencies, and was overbalanced toward higher education. In the last 2 decades, radical educators have rededicated themselves to Gandhi's cause of educating the very poor and focusing on real educational needs.…