Despite the widespread implementation of learning analytics (LA)-based feedback systems, there exists a gap in empirical investigations regarding their influence on learning outcomes. Moreover, existing research primarily focuses on individual differences, such as self-regulation and motivation, overlooking the potential of feedback literacy (FL).…

Interactive digital tools increasingly used for language learning can provide detailed system logs (e.g., number of attempts, responses submitted), and thereby a window into the user's learning processes. To date, SLA researchers have made little use of such data to understand the relationships between learning conditions, processes, and outcomes.…