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Direct linkHaasler, Simone R.; Gottschall, Karin – Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2015
Reconstructing the parallel structure of "dual" and "school-based" vocational routes reveals the close connection between the German vocational training system and the segmentation of the labour market by gender. The example of jobs in childcare and pre-primary education shows that the legacy of semi-professionalism in these…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Gender Differences, Models, Vocational Education
Oberhuemer, Pamela – International Journal of Early Years Education, 2015
Just over a decade ago, an OECD "Starting Strong" team reviewed the system of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Germany. Regarding the staffing of early childhood provision and referring in particular to resistance at the political level to raise the formal qualification level of educators in alignment with European trends,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Labor Force Development, Early Childhood Education, Child Care
Download full textAppelbaum, Eileen; Bailey, Thomas; Berg, Peter; Kalleberg, Arne L. – 2002
Until the 1970s, social norms dictated that women provided care for their families and men were employed for pay. The rapid increase in paid work for women has resulted in an untenable model of work and care in which all employees are assumed to be unencumbered with family responsibilities and women who care for their families are dismissed as…
Descriptors: Adult Day Care, Behavior Standards, Caregivers, Child Care
