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Direct linkOrth, Ulrich; Maes, Jürgen; Schmitt, Manfred – Developmental Psychology, 2015
The authors examined the development of self-esteem across the life span. Data came from a German longitudinal study with 3 assessments across 4 years of a sample of 2,509 individuals ages 14 to 89 years. The self-esteem measure used showed strong measurement invariance across assessments and birth cohorts. Latent growth curve analyses indicated…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Self Esteem, Individual Development, Longitudinal Studies
Steiger, Andrea E.; Fend, Helmut A.; Allemand, Mathias – Developmental Psychology, 2015
The vulnerability model states that low self-esteem functions as a predictor for the development of depressive symptoms whereas the scar model assumes that these symptoms leave scars in individuals resulting in lower self-esteem. Both models have received empirical support, however, they have only been tested within individuals and not across…
Descriptors: Self Esteem, At Risk Students, Predictor Variables, Depression (Psychology)
