Analysis of the processes of composing in a distinctly foreign language, Japanese for Anglophone Canadians, suggests a need for decisions concerning instructional strategies for "keeping up the standard" (associated with native language composition) and for "lowering the standard" in order to access knowledge in the foreign…

Studies Inuktitut and English writing proficiencies with elementary students. Finds native language fluency increases at the expense of polysynthetic complexity as students progress through school. Explores the search for linguistic and cultural bridges in Canadian native and minority situations as a more considered approach to vernacular…

A study analyzed the second-language essays of seven anglophone and one French-speaking Quebec university students enrolled in a literature course by using a cognitive-metacognitive framework developed for mathematical problem-solving and a think-aloud protocol. Results indicate the framework, with some adjustments, is a reliable tool for…