To investigate whether the type of keyboard used in exams introduces any construct-irrelevant variance to the TOEFL iBT Writing scores, we surveyed 17,040 TOEFL iBT examinees from 24 countries on their keyboard-related perceptions and preferences and analyzed the survey responses together with their test scores. Results suggest that controlling…

A major concern with computer-based (CB) tests of second-language (L2) writing is that performance on such tests may be influenced by test-taker keyboarding skills. Poor keyboarding skills may force test-takers to focus their attention and cognitive resources on motor activities (i.e., keyboarding) and, consequently, other processes and aspects of…

This study aimed to describe the writing activities that test takers engage in when responding to the writing tasks in the "TOEFL iBT"[superscript R] test and to examine the effects of task type and test-taker English language proficiency (ELP) and keyboarding skills on the frequency and distribution of these activities. Each of 22 test…

To determine the attitudes of teachers of students who are visually impaired or blind about the use of contracted or uncontracted Braille for emergent readers, the author posted a questionnaire on three electronic listservs from October through December 2002 and received responses from 40 teachers in India, Canada, the West Indies, and the United…

Twenty-eight adult students and four adolescent students were interested in completing computer instruction in keyboarding in their own environment to gain skills and knowledge that would bring them up to date in the information age. The students who enrolled in the keyboarding course were assessed by timed writings, production applications, and…

In 2004-2005, The National Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek) conducted a survey for the IFLA-CDNL Alliance for Bibliographic Standards (ICABS)--an alliance founded jointly by the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA), the Conference of Directors of National Libraries (CDNL) and the national libraries of…

This curriculum guide was developed for a one-credit course for students in high schools in Manitoba. The course is designed to help students who wish to improve their keyboarding skills to acquire proficiency in using a high-end word processing package, whether for personal or vocational competence. This guide is for the introductory course in a…

This curriculum guide was developed for a one-credit course for students in high schools in Manitoba. The course is designed to provide students with mastery-level keyboarding skills, to develop a wide range of word processing techniques and to combine their skills and knowledge in producing mailable documents. The focus of the course is on…

This is the fifth in a series of annual studies conducted by the Alberta (Canada) Department of Education in order to gather information about the nature and extent of the growth and development of instructional computing in Alberta schools. Areas covered by the survey include: (1) description of the school population; (2) schools that have…

This curriculum guide was developed for an introductory half-credit course in a series of two that deal with keyboarding skills for high schools and elementary grades in Manitoba. The course is designed to provide students with an introduction to the correct techniques of using a keyboard. The guide includes the following components: (1) an…

This curriculum guide was developed for an advanced half-credit course in a series of two that deal with keyboarding skills for high schools and elementary grades in Manitoba. The course is designed to improve a student's ability to manipulate a keyboard by reinforcing confidence and improving the functional skill level. The guide includes the…

The main purpose of this 8-month study was to determine whether significant differences in student learning and attitudes occur as a result of the use of word processors, but curriculum changes, inservice teacher requirements, obstacles to incorporating word processing into language arts programs, effective teaching strategies, and effective…

The directory provides reviews of 50 software programs approved for educational use in Alberta (Canada) schools. Each program was reviewed by two teachers with the purpose of determining the specific populations of special needs students (including the gifted) that the programs would be suitable for and the approximate grade level with which the…

This manual is designed to assist typewriting teachers in the implementation of the Alberta, Canada, Typewriting 10-20-30 Curriculum (1985). Many ideas contained in the handbook can also be used in curricula that address keyboarding or the skill of typing in computer keyboarding, dictaphone typing, or word processing. The manual is organized in…

The findings of a literature review of business education in Great Britain, the United States, and Canada were as follows: business education will be in greater demand in the high school and it will be extended downward into the elementary school and upward into the postsecondary institutes, especially in the areas of keyboarding and computer…