Publication Date
| In 2026 | 0 |
| Since 2025 | 1 |
| Since 2022 (last 5 years) | 1 |
| Since 2017 (last 10 years) | 1 |
| Since 2007 (last 20 years) | 1 |
Descriptor
Author
| Spada, Nina | 2 |
| Germain, Claude | 1 |
| Kirsten M. Hummel | 1 |
| Leif M. French | 1 |
| Lightbown, Patsy | 1 |
| Lightbown, Patsy M. | 1 |
| Nancy Gagné | 1 |
| Netten, Joan | 1 |
Publication Type
| Journal Articles | 3 |
| Reports - Research | 2 |
| Reports - Evaluative | 1 |
Education Level
| Elementary Education | 1 |
| Grade 6 | 1 |
| Intermediate Grades | 1 |
| Middle Schools | 1 |
Audience
Location
| Canada | 3 |
Laws, Policies, & Programs
Assessments and Surveys
| ACTFL Oral Proficiency… | 1 |
| Digit Span Test | 1 |
What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewed
Direct linkNancy Gagné; Leif M. French; Kirsten M. Hummel – Language Teaching Research, 2025
Within the same learning context, learners' outcomes in terms of oral fluency vary greatly. This study tracked the relative contributions that first language (L1) and initial second language (L2) fluency skill and working memory (WM) made to L2 fluency development. We assessed the performance of French-speaking Grade 6 learners' (n = 47, mean age:…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning
Download full textSpada, Nina; Lightbown, Patsy M. – TESL Canada Journal, 1989
Reports on a study designed to investigate the second language development of francophone children in an experimental intensive English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) program in Quebec. Results indicated that subjects outperformed students in regular ESL programs on listening and reading comprehension tests and in oral fluency and had more positive…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries, French
Germain, Claude; Lightbown, Patsy; Netten, Joan; Spada, Nina – Canadian Modern Language Review, 2004
This article provides a historical overview and comparison of intensive English (IE) and intensive French (IF) programs in Canada. Comparisons are made in terms of the total time allotted to the intensive period, the selection of students, the number and types of schools offering the programs, the models of delivery, and the type of pedagogy and…
Descriptors: Outcomes of Education, Foreign Countries, French, English (Second Language)
