Differentiated instruction (DI) is a teaching approach that aims to achieve learning for students of diverse backgrounds, abilities, and interests. This study explores STEM teacher candidates' (TCs') development of DI-focused curriculum using case studies of socio-scientific issues (SSI). The paper addresses the following research question: How…

This study explored Canadian and American pre-service elementary teachers' self-efficacy beliefs for literacy instruction, as well as the contextual factors (i.e., course and field experiences) that contribute to these self-efficacy beliefs. Survey data were collected over a two-year period at the beginning and end of a required elementary…