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Wang, Xiao-Hua; Howell, Jane M. – Journal of Applied Psychology, 2010
We developed a dual-level transformational leadership scale to measure individual-focused behavior at the individual level and group-focused behavior at the group level, and we validated the scale using a sample of 203 members from 60 work groups in a Canadian company. Results show that individual-focused leadership behavior, at the individual…
Descriptors: Helping Relationship, Measures (Individuals), Transformational Leadership, Leadership
Byrne, Barbara M.; And Others – 1994
Building upon earlier confirmatory factor analytic research that validated a second-order, three-factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory for Canadian and Swedish nonclinical adolescents, this study tested the factorial structure of the Swedish version of the instrument separately for 559 males and 537 females, and tested its measurement…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Depression (Psychology), Factor Structure, Females