Traditional professional development lacks the creative, experiential, and differentiated learning needs of 21st-century teachers. Although some studies examine pre-service training, many in-service teachers' learning needs are not met during school professional development due to the passive learning environment. Traditional professional…

Alum Rock Elementary Union School District had an interest in a middle school program being introduced by Teachers' Curriculum Institute (TCI) called "History Alive!" Supplementary materials from TCI were already in use in many of the classrooms and several of the district administrators were interested in whether the full middle school…