This report is a follow-up to "Gaining Ground in the Middle Grades" (Williams, Kirst, Haertel, et al., 2010). That study specified a comprehensive set of actionable practices that differentiated higher academic achievement among 303 middle grades schools in California. In doing so, the study provided a compelling and coherent account of…

The purpose of the 1988-89 Learning Assessment Retention Consortium (LARC) Student Outcomes Study was to describe the goal satisfaction, retention, and skills acquisition of students who were enrolled in remedial or precollege math courses in 23 California community colleges. Three methods of data collection were used: pre- and post-tests to…

The basic rationale for incorporating information about instructional experiences in the design and analysis of assessment data is that student ability, topic exposure, and forms of instructional exposure each contribute to student performance as measured at a given point in time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of…