One of the most pressing issues in online learning systems that have contributed to the failure of online education and student dropout is the lack of interaction. Investigating and exploring the different factors that influence learners' online interaction and engagement are crucial for e-learning success. This study proposes a research model to…

Inquiry-based representation-focused approaches in science education have shown promising outcomes when students engage in knowledge building via an active process of constructing, coordinating, and evaluating representations. To date, much of the existing research around these approaches has taken place in pre-digital classrooms, but the…