This document reviews federal support for education between fiscal years 1980 and 1984. Federal support for education totalled $62.2 billion in 1984, an increase of 18 percent over 1980. Between 1980 and 1984 the largest increase in federal support (30 percent as of 1984) went to research at universities and related institutions. During the same period, federal support for elementary and secondary education grew by 1 percent, and support for higher education declined by 7 percent. Among federal agencies, the Department of Education provides the most program funds overall and for all purposes except research. The Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Energy are the leaders in outlays for research at universities. This report differs from United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) annual reports on education prepared during the 1970's. OMB reports did not include noneducational research conducted at academic institutions, off-budget items (such as the annual volume of guaranteed student loans), or an annual estimate of federal tax expenditures. Included with this report are six tables and eight appendixes. (MD)