Effects of the Fourteenth Amendment in sex discrimination cases are examined with focus on the standard of review--strict scrutiny, rational relationship, or something in between. Early challenges and judicial attitudes, growing use of the equal protection clause, maternity benefits (Title VII vs. the Constitution), and 1974-75 Supreme Court…

In Kahn v. Shevin the Supreme Court upheld a Florida Supreme Court ruling that a state tax exemption for widows was not in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. The author discusses this and earlier sex discrimination cases, holding that a strict scrutiny test in such cases would promote equality of the sexes. (JT)

On college campuses today, the debate rages over whether self-restraint and tolerance for nonconformity is overriding a need to protect certain individuals and groups from objectionable speech. Some administrators, students, and alumni wish to prevent "bad speech" in the form of expressions of racism, sexism, and the like. Advocates for…

Presents a sample introductory lesson on the concept of equal protection, differential treatment under law, and legal tests for determining when differential treatment violates the Equal Protection Clause. Recommends using a poster depicting segregated water fountains and contrasting it with the Declaration of Independence to discuss the doctrine…

This chapter--new to the "Yearbook"--discusses all court cases reported in 1986 that involved student athletes, coaches, athletic directors, athletic associations, booster organizations, interscholastic sports programs and events, and sports facilities and equipment at both the K-12 and higher education levels. It does not, however,…

The relationship between public schools and their employees is one of the most frequently litigated aspects of American education. Accordingly, the chapters in this text present a comprehensive and current report of legal issues in public school employment. Chapter titles and authors are as follows: (1) "Critical Elements of the Employment…