Because testing, in many different forms, currently plays such an important role in education, Elementary Secondary Education Act, Title I, the Division of Federal Assistance in the Vermont State Department of Education, prepared this brochure to present a general introduction to terms and phrases commonly used in testing and to highlight some of the advantages and disadvantages of intelligence tests, achievement tests, and diagnostic tests. The difference between, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of, norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests are discussed. The "meaning" of five kinds of test scores are presented: raw scores, grade equivalents, percentiles, stanines, and normal curve equivalents. While this pamphlet attempts to provide an overview on testing, it also points out that testing can be a complicated process that requires a great deal of careful consideration before conclusions can be drawn. (Author/PN)