As numerous studies from 1906 on have confirmed, children lose ground in learning if they lack opportunities for building skills over the summer. Nonetheless, summer learning loss comes up but rarely in the national discussion of education reform. By the end of summer, students perform on average one month behind where they left off in the spring.…

Research and professional leadership standards identify specific ways in which principals directly influence school organization and community relationships and exert less direct, but critically important, influence on teaching quality and instructional effectiveness. Principals' roles are central to supporting and supervising teachers'…

Emphasizing the intersection of policy and politics, this paper uses Theda Skocpol's polity-centered approach (1992) to analyze two key moments in the history of the 21st Century Community Learning Centers (CCLC) program: (1) 1998, when the program's budget grew from $40 million to $200 million; and (2) 2003, when President Bush attempted to cut…

Nearly every high-priority item in national, federal, state, and local discussions about education--and policy proposals across the political spectrum--requires high-quality longitudinal data to inform its design, implementation, and evaluation. This factsheet shares Data Quality Campaign's (DQC's) analysis of what "Data for Action 2011:…

From the 1980s to the present, educational accountability in the United States has grown dramatically. Such accountability in U.S. school districts, although driven primarily by external demands, has internal manifestations as well. The chapter traces the historical development of internal evaluation in American school districts, then highlights…

This document is the application for an Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Title III, grant for planning a Demonstration School for educationally disadvantaged children in Dade County, Florida. The required statistical data are provided. The objectives of the project include evaluation of proposed sites in the target area, the development of…

Published in 1965, these guidelines outline the requirements for the fiscal and general administration of Title I projects, for project design and evaluation, and for reporting project activities. Exhibits of forms for reporting activities and administrative procedures at the state and local levels are included. (LB)

This report contains basic data and procedural information about the 1967-68 Title I programs in Sacramento (proposed projects and components, professional duties, facilities and instructional materials, and policy statements on integration and the participation of nonpublic school children). It also gives information on (1) the progress of…

Discusses seven stereotypical views concerning the history of federal involvement in elementary and secondary education. Examines federal intervention after World War II; origination of federal programs; the National Defense Education Act; basic skills education; federal aid to precollegiate education; federal pressure for desegregation; and…