A study examined the effectiveness of the Chapter 1 Early Literacy Summer School program. The program provided additional reading instruction to underachieving first-grade pupils at five schools located throughout the Columbus, Ohio public school district. The program featured group instruction (with many of the activities modelled after the Reading Recovery program) for 3.25 hours daily in 10 classrooms for 15 to 18 pupils each over a period of one month. Of the 162 pupils served, 108 met the attendance criterion for inclusion in the treatment group. Results indicated that: of the 108 treatment group pupils, 85 (78.7%) reached level 8 during Scott Foresman text reading level testing; and all of the parents were actually involved in the program. Teachers judged that of all pupils served, 137 (84.6%) showed improvements, including 54 pupils (33.3%) who showed much improvement. Of the 108 treatment group pupils, 106 (98.1%) were judged as showing improvement, with 46 (42.6%) showing much improvement. (A calendar worksheet for computing days of pupil service, a parent involvement log, and the pupil data sheet are attached.) (RS)