This report reviews work by the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG), which evaluated the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), including whether children are being enrolled inappropriately in SCHIP rather than in Medicaid, and states' progress in reducing the number of uninsured children. This report asserts that OIG's assessment of appropriate enrollment would benefit from an expanded selection of states, and that while states' evaluations offered limited results, future OIG reviews may benefit from improved data sources. The report recommends that, in order to better inform the Congress on states' efforts to implement SCHIP, the HHS inspector general: (1) expand the scope of the statutorily required periodic reviews to include all states with separate child health programs, including those with combination programs; and (2) consider using its general audit authority to explore whether issues of appropriate SCHIP enrollment also exist among states that have opted for Medicaid expansions under SCHIP, and should therefore be included in future OIG reviews. Comments from the OIG are appended. (EV)