The passage of the Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act (P.L. 110-351) represents the most significant federal child welfare reform in more than a decade. While the scope and nature of the federal reforms are far reaching, the actual impact of the legislation on children will depend largely upon how it is implemented. Implementation of the Act will include the process of promulgating and issuing federal regulations, decisions by state policymakers as to how or if to respond to new federal funding opportunities, and efforts made by the larger child welfare community to provide input into program and policy development. This brief summarizes what P.L. 110-351 says and what it means for some of the nation's most vulnerable children. In addition, although the child welfare community is celebrating the passage of the Act, most recognize that the legislation did not address some of the larger, longstanding, structural deficiencies with federal child welfare financing. Thus, the brief ends with a look towards the future and legislative opportunities for additional federal child welfare reform. (Contains 3 footnotes.)