California's students have generally been making slow gains on nationally representative tests over the better part of the last 10 years. While these improvements are important, the gaps between subgroups of students are large and overall achievement places California in the lowest 10 percent of states (NCES, 2015). Given that teachers matter more…

Assigning grades to student work, both during the academic term and as a summation of a student's mastery of subject matter, is a longstanding practice in all levels of education, from kindergarten through graduate and professional studies. Recently, a variety of factors have brought the criteria for assigning, and the resulting distribution of…

In spite of the fact that noncredit generates approximately 10% of enrollment in the California Community College System, many people outside and even within the system are not aware of or do not fully understand the importance of noncredit and how it serves California's educational needs. Noncredit courses are basically what its title…