In the face of systemic neglect of low-income urban neighborhoods, Hip Hop was much more than entertainment: it was a countercultural revolution embodied as a way of life bound to community action and social change. Hip Hop represents resilience, resistance, and redemption for those living on the margins; to this day, it is an art form for the…

This literature review evaluates trauma-informed programs designed to reduce the symptoms of trauma in middle school students and boost academic achievement. The author identifies practices that can be implemented by individual teachers or schoolwide and explores possible barriers to implementation.

Racism, violence exposure, trauma, and education are inextricably linked, impacting adolescents' current and future well-being. Although trauma-­informed care models are being adopted in schools, research is unclear about what individual and institutional factors influence teachers' responses to students exposed to violence-related trauma.…

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic was alarming, and compounding this traumatic shift in the world's cultural awareness of safety was the social and political unrest that unfolded during this time, which students were acutely aware of through the news and social media. After experiencing that unprecedented trauma, rich novel studies in the English…

Athletic trainers are uniquely positioned to provide necessary psychosocial interventions and referral strategies as mental health concerns gain greater attention and prevalence in high school student-athletes. Athletic training education programs require athletic trainers to develop competence in several standards, including: recognizing,…

Teaching middle school students during adolescence can be challenging; moreover, students who have been impacted by trauma have additional needs and supports to succeed in school. According to the American Psychological Association (APA, 2013), two-thirds of children in the United States indicated they had experienced a traumatic event before age…

A history of trauma can have a significant negative impact on the functioning of a student in the school environment. Check & Connect, a school engagement and dropout intervention program, has been found to have positive effects on student school engagement and decrease the likelihood of dropping out of school. However, a review of the Check…

The topic of trauma and the effect it has on an individual has recently been in the forefront of educational research. It is indicated that students who have experienced some form of trauma in their lives will have repercussions that may express themselves in their academic achievement (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2021). This…

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events occurring in the household or community that hold painful or distressing outcomes for children immediately and in their future (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019). School counselors work with children and young adolescents suffering from negative mental health…

Black girls are the only group of girls across the United States disproportionally suspended from school. Studies have documented that disproportionality cannot be explained solely by greater misbehavior among students of color. Instead, discipline disparities are also informed by punitive/inequitable discipline policies and practices, less…

An increasing body of research has indicated that childhood posttraumatic stress (PTS) is associated with different aspects of cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral functioning in childhood. That said, this study attempted to collect, map, and synthesize the existing knowledge regarding the effects of PTS on school-related behaviors of…

The objective of this constructivist grounded theory study was to understand the experiences of students who have been disciplinarily excluded from school. Fifteen students (male, n = 11; Black, n = 10; having special education needs, n = 9) and 16 multidisciplinary staff in Ontario participated. Students experienced high rates of expanded…

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the perceptions of school principals regarding creating a safety plan that addresses school safety in K-12 schools in Illinois. The conceptual model that guided this study was the M-PHAT model from the National Association of School Psychologists Framework for Safe and Successful…

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with the racial trauma in Minneapolis, Minnesota, has been named the "twin pandemics." While physical activity has numerous benefits, including mental health, physical activity declined significantly in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The problem of practice seeks to address high school…

This dissertation in practice utilized a qualitative case study approach to understand the experiences of adult learners who are completing their secondary education program at a selected school site in the region of Los Angeles County, California. The aim of this study was to gain insight on the varied needs and challenges of adult students who…