An educational lattice model is proposed for the investigation of the influence of the density and indirectly of the pressure on the chemical equilibrium of the ideal gas phase reaction A [equilibrium] 2B. The model can be introduced by a board game simulating a stochastic process. This game can also be used to set up a corresponding computer…

This study shows that residual variation can cause problems related to scaling in exponential random graph models (ERGM). Residual variation is likely to exist when there are unmeasured variables in a model--even those uncorrelated with other predictors--or when the logistic form of the model is inappropriate. As a consequence, coefficients cannot…

Changepoints are abrupt variations in a sequence of data in statistical inference. In educational and psychological assessments, it is pivotal to properly differentiate examinees' aberrant behaviors from solution behavior to ensure test reliability and validity. In this paper, we propose a sequential Bayesian changepoint detection algorithm to…