Academic feedback has a direct impact on students' effort decisions and academic performance. However, the grades that are reported to students are often based on institutional or instructor preferences, with entities adopting a discrete or fine grading scale. In this study, we utilize a field experiment to assess how a Letter (LGS) or Numerical…

This study investigates the effect of group collaborative argumentation on the quality of decision-making on waste incineration of socioscientific issues (SSI). To achieve this, fifty-nine high school students engaged with a lecture-style class that did not use any argumentation activities. They then completed an individual survey aimed at…