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Borgonovi, Francesca; Pokropek, Artur – British Educational Research Journal, 2021
This study contributes to the literature by examining the evolution of socio-economic disparities in literacy skills between age 15 and 27. It uses combined cross-sectional data from the Programme for International Student Assessment and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies in 20 countries and adopts a synthetic…
Descriptors: Social Differences, Socioeconomic Status, Foreign Countries, Achievement Tests
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Saar, Ellu; Martma, Liisa – Journal of Education and Work, 2021
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effect of different educational orientations at the upper-secondary level on labour market outcomes across European countries. The study separates safety net effect and the diversion effect of Vocational Education and Training (VET). Using PIAAC data, we show cross-national differences in the early…
Descriptors: Vocational Education, Secondary School Students, Labor Market, Graduates