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Swanson, H. Lee; Arizmendi, Genesis D.; Li, Jui-Teng – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2021
This study investigated the prevalence and stability of latent classes among elementary-aged English learning (EL) children whose first language is Spanish. To this end, EL children (N = 267) in Grades 1, 2, and 3 at Wave 1 (Year 1) were administered a battery of vocabulary, reading, math, and cognitive measures (short-term memory, working memory,…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Elementary School Students, Grade 1, Grade 2
Stark, Sandra Kathleen – ProQuest LLC, 2013
Developmental dyslexia is a specific impairment of reading ability in the presence of normal intelligence and adequate reading instruction. Current research has linked dyslexia to genetic underpinnings, which are identifiable. Furthermore, there are cognitive processes that are influenced by unique genetically programmed neural networks that…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Grade 2, Elementary School Students, Reading Skills