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Rodriguez, Nuria; Acha, Joana – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2022
This study presents the results of a cross-sectional reading and spelling assessment conducted among 118 Spanish children in 3rd, 4th and 5th grade. The first aim was to explore whether children's use of orthographic knowledge was modulated by lexical variables--word frequency and orthographic neighborhood--or sublexical…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Grade 3, Grade 4
Daries, Mikaela A.; Probert, Tracy N. – Reading & Writing: Journal of the Literacy Association of South Africa, 2020
Background: Spelling is a vital component of literacy. This is because spelling includes multiple metalinguistic components, such as phoneme-grapheme awareness, orthographic awareness and morphophonemic knowledge. Despite this, there remains, to date, insufficient literature on spelling in the Southern Bantu languages and, more specifically, in…
Descriptors: Spelling, Error Patterns, African Languages, Grade 3

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