Argumentation has been widely explored in primary and secondary school as an important opportunity to promote learning through the development of processes that are both social and cognitive. However, less attention has been devoted to the way argumentation begins to take shape in the early years, especially during conversations which take place…

Developing problem solving skills is often accepted as a desirable goal in many educational settings. However, there is little evidence to support that students are better problem solvers after graduating. The students can solve routine problems but they confronted difficulties when adapting their prior knowledge for the solution of new problems.…