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Andersen, Martin S.; Makransky, Guido – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2021
Measuring cognitive load is important in virtual learning environments (VLE). Thus, valid and reliable measures of cognitive load are important to support instructional design in VLE. Through three studies, we investigated the validity and reliability of Leppink's Cognitive Load Scale (CLS) and developed the extraneous cognitive load (EL)…
Descriptors: Test Construction, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Cognitive Processes
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Zendler, Andreas; Klaudt, Dieter; Seitz, Cornelia – Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2014
The authors discuss empirically determined competence areas to K-12 computer science education, emphasizing the cognitive level of competence. The results of a questionnaire with 120 professors of computer science serve as a database. By using multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis, four competence areas to computer science education…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Computer Science Education, Competence, Cognitive Processes