This study analyzed how the earliest teaching and learning of probability was organized in Singapore, the US, and Indonesia through an analysis of textbook as an intended mathematics curriculum. An analytical framework was developed comprising four perspectives: representational forms, cognitive demand levels, contextual features, and organization…

A large body of research has drawn attention to the importance of providing engaging learning experiences in junior secondary science classes, in an attempt to attract more students into post-compulsory science courses. The reality of time and resource constraints, and the high proportion of non-specialist science teachers teaching science, has…

As forty-six states and the District of Columbia implement the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), questions abound regarding implementation, including the implications for curriculum and pedagogy. In this report, researchers analyze what texts English teachers assign their students and the instructional techniques they used in the classroom. The…