Solving a math word problem (MWP) requires understanding the mathematical components of the problem and an ability to decode the text. For some students, lower reading comprehension skills may make engagement with the mathematical content more difficult. Readability formulas (e.g., Flesch Reading Ease) are frequently used to assess reading…

Students' effort and emotions are important contributors to math learning. In a recent study evaluating the efficacy of MathSpring, a scalable web-based intelligent tutoring system that provides students with personalized math problems and affective support, system usage data were collected for 804 U.S. 10-12-year-olds. To understand the patterns…

Understanding a student's problem-solving strategy can have a significant impact on effective math learning using Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) and Adaptive Instructional Systems (AISs). For instance, the ITS/AIS can better personalize itself to correct specific misconceptions that are indicated by incorrect strategies, specific problems can…

In numerous studies, intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have proven effective in helping students learn mathematics. Prior work posits that their effectiveness derives from efficiently providing eventually-correct practice opportunities. Yet, there is little empirical evidence on how learning processes with ITSs compare to other forms of…

Peer tutoring can improve learning by prompting learners to reflect. To assess whether peer interactions are conducive to learning and provide peer tutoring support accordingly, what tutorial dialog types relate to student learning most? Advancements in collaborative learning analytics allow for merging machine learning-based dialog act…

Integrating visual representations in an interactive learning activity effectively scaffolds performance and learning. However, it is unclear whether and how "sustaining" or "interleaving" visual scaffolding helps learners solve problems efficiently and learn from problem solving. We conducted a classroom study with 63…

Math anxiety has been found to negatively correlate with math achievement, affecting students' choices to take fewer math classes and avoid math educational opportunities. Educational technology tools can ameliorate some of the negative effects of math anxiety. We examined students' math anxiety, effort in an educational technology platform, and…

Learners' choices as to whether and how to use visual representations during learning are an important yet understudied aspect of self-regulated learning. To gain insight, we developed a "choice-based" intelligent tutor in which students can choose whether and when to use diagrams to aid their problem solving in algebra. In an…

This study aims to examine the contribution of ArtiBos, which is designed as a Gamified Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring System for students' problem-solving skills. In the study, first of all, the system's design features to improve problem-solving skills were examined, and then the effect of the system on problem-solving skills was evaluated. The…

Problem solving is often regarded as one of the most essential cognitive functions in our daily lives, and, for that reason, educational theorists have long stressed the need for its development. As cognitive flexibility is a fundamental characteristic necessary throughout the problem-solving process, the purpose of this study is to analyse…

One pedagogical technique that promotes conceptual understanding in mathematics learners is self-explanation integrated with worked examples (e.g., Rittle-Johnson et al., 2017). In this work, we implemented self-explanations with worked examples (correct and erroneous) in a software-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) for learning algebra. We…

Mastery learning improves learning proficiency and efficiency. However, the overpractice of skills--students spending time on skills they have already mastered--remains a fundamental challenge for tutoring systems. Previous research has reduced overpractice through the development of better problem selection algorithms and the authoring of focused…

Background/Context: Math education remains a critical focus for national education improvement. As a solution, districts in the U.S. are investing in math education technologies. Research has demonstrated the potential of these technologies to close achievement gaps (e.g., Pape et al., 2012; Roschelle et al., 2016). Student math achievement is…

Mathematics is often taught by explaining an idea, then giving students practice in applying it. Tutoring systems can increase the effectiveness of this method by monitoring the students' practice and giving feedback. However, math can also be taught by having students work collaboratively on problems that lead them to discover the idea. Here,…

The present study aims to examine the pedagogical effectiveness of a Chinese mathematical dialogue-based intelligent tutoring system used for teaching mathematics. The mathematical unit 'multiplication and division of time expressions' was taught to 134 fifth-grade students in three types of instruction conditions: the intelligent tutoring system…