Background: Robot programming can simultaneously cultivate learners' computational thinking (CT) and spatial thinking (ST). However, there is a noticeable gap in research focusing on the micro-level development patterns of learners' CT and ST and their interconnections. Objectives: This study aims to uncover the intricate development patterns and…

Mastery learning -- requiring students to achieve proficiency in a topic before advancing -- is a well-established and effective teaching method. Digital learning systems support this approach by personalizing content sequences, enabling students to focus on practicing topics they have not yet mastered. To achieve this, digital learning systems…

There is a strong need for fifth-grade students to become proficient in mathematical problem-solving using fractional computations because it will have a lasting impact on student achievement. Traditionally, mathematics is taught inside a brick-and-mortar classroom, grounded in rote memorization of facts, rules, and formulas. In recent years, more…

Background: Disembedding is a crucial spatial thinking skill in visual arts and mathematics education. It is important in creating and analyzing artworks by separating a figure from its background, as well as for solving geometric problems where shapes must be viewed from new perspectives. Drawing upon research in psychology, arts, and mathematics…

Students' higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in Indonesia are still low and have not experienced significant development. To enhance HOTS, modern technology-based learning media are needed to support realistic mathematics learning. Innovative learning media can enhance realistic learning and students' thinking abilities. Therefore, the authors…

The problem addressed in this qualitative narrative inquiry study was that middle school students in Grades 6-8 may lack preparation for the required soft skills to enter college or the workforce. The purpose of this qualitative narrative inquiry study was to closely explore the individual participants' stories through thick, rich descriptions and…

Music education underwent significant adjustments during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting broader changes in education as a whole. Distance learning was the only way to organise learning to avoid the consequences of the pandemic. As part of this project, research was carried out in the 2021-2022 school year to determine primary school students'…

Critical Thinking & Problem Solving belong to 21st century skills that enhance ways of thinking, learning, working and living in the world. When combined with well-designed educational activities, mobile technology has the capacity to foster these abilities. This study evaluates the Critical Thinking & Problem Solving skills of ninth-grade…

For students to fully understand the long-lasting consequences of responsible or irresponsible digital citizenship in the world of online personal and classroom learning, teachers and students need to formally engage with formal lessons on digital citizenship skills as we societally become more dependent on technology daily. Teacher attitudes on…

Self-direction skill (SDS) is an essential 21st-century skill that can help learners be independent and organized in their quest for knowledge acquisition. While some studies considered learners from higher education levels as the target audience, providing opportunities to start the SDS practice by K12 learners is still rare. Further, practicing…

To provide quality mathematics education for disadvantaged groups of middle school students and continue to offer quality practicum experience to future teachers during the COVID 19 outbreak, we founded the Online Laboratory School. This school was free and open to public school students: 130 middle school students throughout Turkey attended for a…

The pandemic has not only increased economic inequities within various communities, but it has also exacerbated the social, emotional, and math achievement inequities of middle school students, creating an environment that increases the potential for heightened anxiety and peer conflict. Now, more than ever, it is imperative that educators not…

This research aims to develop students' scientific process and innovative thinking skills using digital activities in distance and face-to-face education. A total of 12 sixth-grade students in a primary school participated in the study. The research was action research. The analysis was carried out in the "Transmission of Electricity"…

Information literacy has long been concerned with how individuals evaluate information credibility. Credibility, or the believability of information as evaluated by a user, is often a part of information evaluation and contextualized within information literacy. Yet, as the online environment becomes more complex and online information…

The question posed in this analysis is: What is the relationship between text-centered dialogue and reading comprehension? This article examines one student's behaviors while reading challenging texts. This qualitative case study explored the verbal behaviors of Robert (pseudonym), a seventh-grade student receiving reading intervention. As his…