Background/Context: A well-designed intervention often involves multiple phases. A justifying theoretical argument is that, to prevent fade-outs, the benefit of a treatment in an earlier phase will need to be reinforced by follow-up treatments in the later phases (Cunha & Heckman, 2007). Thus, in evaluations of such programs, a research…

In Project STAR, 11,571 students in Tennessee and their teachers were randomly assigned to different classrooms within their schools from kindergarten to third grade. This paper evaluates the long-term impacts of STAR using administrative records. We obtain five results. First, kindergarten test scores are highly correlated with outcomes such as…