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Direct linkLi, Tenglong; Frank, Ken – Sociological Methods & Research, 2022
The internal validity of observational study is often subject to debate. In this study, we define the counterfactuals as the unobserved sample and intend to quantify its relationship with the null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST). We propose the probability of a robust inference for internal validity, that is, the PIV, as a robustness index…
Descriptors: Probability, Inferences, Validity, Correlation
