Computational thinking (CT) activities are increasingly being integrated into early childhood schools. We focus on studying children's learning using an "unplugged" (non-computational) learning unit that considers a teacher's knowledge and classroom space and affords seamless adaptation into the classroom given the objects used in the…

In this article, the authors share frameworks for problem types and students' reasoning about integers. The authors found that all ways of reasoning (WoRs) were used across grade levels and that specific problem types tended to evoke particular WoRs. Specifically, students were more likely to use analogy-based reasoning on all-negatives problems…

Research Findings: The aim of this study was to investigate U.S. preschool teachers' math teaching knowledge in a specific content domain: counting and numbers. One hundred in-service and pre-service teachers participated in the study; they completed a questionnaire that is composed of learning scenarios and scenario-based math teaching questions.…

This study evaluated a classroom implementation of augmented reality (AR) for improving subitizing skills of preschool students. Children explored the mathematical concept of subitizing by using an AR enhanced board game, called "Creature Counting." The AR markers, which were friendly creatures, triggered the augmented reality functions.…

This report provides a description of the development process, field testing, and psychometric properties of a student mathematics test designed to assess grades K, 1, and 2 student abilities. The test was administered to 4,486 participating grade K, 1, and 2 students in 67 schools located in 10 public school districts in Florida during fall 2015.…

The 2012 National Household Education Surveys Program (NHES:2012) Data File User's Manual provides documentation and guidance for users of the NHES:2012 data files. The manual provides information about the purpose of the study, the sample design, data collection procedures, data processing procedures, response rates, imputation, weighting and…