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Wang, Jianjun; Ma, Xin – Athens Journal of Education, 2016
The United States invented a matrix sampling technique to impute five plausible scores of student performance in its National Assessment of Educational Progress. That approach was adopted by a Trend in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) for international comparison. In this paper, baseline data from TIMSS 1995 are analyzed at the seventh grade…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, International Assessment, Mathematics Achievement, Foreign Countries
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Fick, Sarah J.; Songer, Nancy Butler – Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health, 2017
Recent reforms emphasize a shift in how students should learn and demonstrate knowledge of science. These reforms call for students to learn content knowledge using science and engineering practices, creating integrated science knowledge. While there is existing literature about the development of integrated science knowledge assessments, few…
Descriptors: Climate, Middle School Students, Integrated Activities, Scientific Literacy