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Direct linkRau, Martina A.; Aleven, Vincent; Rummel, Nikol – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2015
Research shows that multiple external representations can significantly enhance students' learning. Most of this research has focused on learning with text and 1 additional graphical representation. However, real instructional materials often employ multiple "graphical" representations (MGRs) in addition to text. An important open…
Descriptors: Graphs, Instructional Materials, Instructional Effectiveness, Educational Experiments
Li, Yanyan; Huang, Zhinan; Jiang, Menglu; Chang, Ting-Wen – Educational Technology & Society, 2016
Incorporating scientific fundamentals via engineering through a design-based methodology has proven to be highly effective for STEM education. Engineering design can be instantiated for learning as they involve mental and physical stimulation and develop practical skills especially in solving problems. Lego bricks, as a set of toys based on design…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Elementary School Science
